Germany under Bismarck :: essays research papers

Germany under Bismarck The Historical Debate The view of Bismarck over the years has changed and it is the historical debate surrounding our perception of him and his intentions that often shapes our interpretation of the German unification. No 19th century figure has attracted the attention and controversy that surround the achievement of Otto von Bismarck, with the exception perhaps of Napoleon Bonaparte. The success of Bismarck’s work in unifying Germany has shifted from a determinist to a dialectic approach. Early historiography had portrayed him as a master statesman, leading Germany to her rightful destiny. However, dissent from this thesis was at first from non-German historians who re-interpreted later events to conclude that there were more sinister implications to the work of the ‘Iron Chancellor’, making him a more Machiavellian and immoral politician. Later historians, after the Second World War adopted a teleological interpretation of Bismarck accusing him of leading the way for the disastrous era of Nazism by crippling the development of democratic institutions in Germany, he laid the country open to future dictatorships however, some historians have argued that Bismarck could not be held for all future developments. They cite his semi-feudal brand of conservatism, arguing that along with his religion and his limited Pan-German view, these factors all distanced him greatly from the principles of Nazism. Recent developments have tended to move away from the study of ‘Grand Policy’, to diminish the role played by great men such as Bismarck, but to stress the wider context in which they operated. Themes and Problems of 19th century Europe The collapse of the Napoleonic empire in 1814-15 brought the statesmen of Europe to provide for he political future of France and those territories conquered by France. In addition they had to reestablish the balance of power shattered by the Napoleonic campaigns, and to ensure against any similar disruption. France was forced to accept a restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, and a large war indemnity and an army of occupation was imposed. The justifications were manifold however, few do come to mind. Firstly, the Allies sought to prevent future French expansion by the creation of a cordon of relatively strong states around her borders. To this end, a new United Kingdom of the Netherlands was created, consisting of the old Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium). Secondly, this cordon was backed and supported by a loose confederation of 38 states known as the German confederation which was established to compensate for the collapse of the old Holy Roman Empire which would ensure that a mass of small German states would be less easy prey for a future expansionist power.

Helpful Predators in Agriculture Essay

The effective way of managing insect pests is usually through the execution of multiple methods, these differing tactics are assimilated into a single method to keep the pests at an acceptable level. Execution of multiple methods minimizes the possibility of the pests in adapting to any of the single method. An apt definition of integrated pest management, according to Cornell University’s Biological Control, would be, â€Å"An ecologically based pest control strategy that relies heavily on natural mortality factors and seeks out control tactics that disrupt these factors as little as possible† (Weeden, Shelton, and Hoffmann). These agricultural pests, according to Altieri and Nicholls, such as insects, nematodes, and weeds, are responsible for more than 30% damaged crop production worldwide annually. These losses had been consistent since the 1940’s, when farmers started using chemicals in order to control pests (10). These agrichemicals that have been used have its setbacks; they have proved to be costly to farmers, they are harmful to the environment and, despite its popularity, it had not proven to be 100% effective. As mentioned in Organic Gardening magazine, insect-pests continued to be a problem mainly due to the pests’ resistance and their unusual ability to adapt to a single method control strategy (1992). Many farmers are now looking for a solution that is less dependent on agrichemicals and focused more on copying nature’s way of predatory system, among plants and insects. This method, known as ecological pest management, delegates the entire farm as a complete complex system. This new method aims to keep the insect population at a manageable level with the use of many supporting or interdependent strategies, compared to the old method of aiming for the total eradication of every pest using one method for each pest. The method of ecological pest management uses forces that have been present in the natural world, longer even than the invention of agriculture itself. As plants develop their innate defense mechanism against pests, they were helped by factors within the ecosystem, such as: â€Å"1. Insects that prey on crop insects and mites by eating or sucking their juices. 2. Helpful parasites that appropriate pests for food. 3. Organisms that cause diseases to insects, at times being fatal, and keep them from feeding or reproducing; these organisms also prey on weeds. 4. Helpful fungi and bacteria that stays on roots, thereby retarding advances of disease organisms† (Altieri and Nicholls, 11). Biological control is much like a living insecticide. It is the employment of natural enemies with the purpose of managing pests. It usually involves manipulating an insect into attacking a pest insect. According to a report published by Sustainable Agricultural Network, the natural enemy may be a predator, a parasite, or a disease that will attack pests (78). Helpful predators belong primarily in the families of beetle, dragonfly, wasp, and bugs. Using chemical insecticides have been known to have eliminated these predators in farms. It has been studied that pests like Tetranychid mites, for example, have been plentiful in apple plantations where pesticides have wiped out entire predators’ population (Altieri and Nicholls, 80). Almost all predators prey on a vast variety of insect species and on different life stages, thereby making them very useful in managing insect pests. Some of the most efficient predators are spiders, lady beetles, ground beetles, lacewings, minute pirate bugs, big-eyed bugs, and syrphid flies (Altieri and Nicholls, 86). Conclusion Agriculture had been changing its ways, it has been steadily returning to nature for the answers it has long sought for. Insecticides and pesticides are gradually being stored in the shelves, resulting in a healthier soil, crops, and a healthier method of farming. Perhaps it is within the grand design, that when human ingenuity falters, we return to commune with nature. Works Cited Altieri, Miguel and Clara Nicholls. Manage Insects on Your Farm, A Guide to Ecological Strategies. Beltsville, MD, Sustainable Agricultural Network, 2005. Meet the Beneficial Insects, Organic Gardening. 09 February 1992. Retrieved 09 April 2009. Weeden, Catherine, Anthony Shelton and Michael Hoffmann. The Integrated Pest Management Strategy, Biological Control: A Guide to Natural Enemies in North America. Cornell University. Retrieved 09 April 2009.

Psychiatric Sisorder Bipolar Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1914 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Bipolar Disorder Essay Did you like this example? Bipolar Disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorder that an individual can be diagnosed with. Bipolar disorder is a consider as a mental illness (2013). Bipolar disorder is a disorder where you can have repeated of low depression to high manic episodes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Psychiatric Sisorder: Bipolar Disorder" essay for you Create order They are many symptoms that you can experience if you are diagnosed with bipolar disorder. There are many medications, you can take to help control your episodes such as Anticonvulsant (2005). However, when you are taking any kind of Bipolar medication you must make sure you are taking the right doses of medication, so it can help you control your symptoms of manic episodes. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a disorder with recurrent episodes of mood swings that can range from low depression to high manic episodes. Many people know that Bipolar disorder is one of the most challenging psychiatric disorder to be diagnosed with. Bipolar disorder is widely known as manic depression. The global lifetime occurrence rate of bipolar disorder is roughly 1% (Harrison Keating, 2005). I know that Bipolar disorder can have a negative impact on your life. In many cases, Bipolar disorder can lead to suicide attempts and actual suicide. Anderson et all (2013) stated that deliberate self-harm-particularly associated with depressive and mixed episodes, psychosis and substance misuse occurs in 30-40% of patients. The completed suicide rates large 7.8% of men and 4.8% in women. There are two types of Bipolar disorder. Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Bipolar I is referred to elevated mood swings that are severe and sustained this called Mania episode. Bipolar II is associated with less severe depressive and hypomanic episodes. (Anderson et all 2013). I know men are more likely to be diagnosed with Bipolar disorder I then women and Bipolar II are more common in women than men. The most common age that someone can be diagnosed with bipolar disorder is roughly around the ages of 24. However, there are many cases with children have been diagnosed with Bipolar disorders. I know that children and adult are diagnosed with bipolar disorder, it is a consider as a mental illness. It will become a lifetime illness, but with the help of medications an individual who is suffering from bipolar disorder can live happy and normal life. Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar symptoms can range from mild to severe. Starting with adults who has symptoms of Bipolar disorder. Their symptoms of bipolar disorder can include unexpected mood swings such as feeling tired, hopeless, problems with sleeping, not interested in daily activities, not interact with family members, increased speech, distractibility, and racing thoughts. Anderson et all (2013). Symptoms in children are a little harder to detect than adults because in children you are expecting children to act out and have different mood swings for their age. Children who are experiencing bipolar symptoms can become angry easily. Many children will start to act silly or become extremely happy is also a symptom of bipolar disorder. Another symptom to look for is to see is the child is staying focusing in school or even during daily activities. Diagnosed of Bipolar Disorder According to (Anderson et al,. 2013), there is a key to diagnosis of patients who are suffering from Bipolar disorder. One of the main factors to look into is to see if the patients have a presence or history of hypomania or mania. Hypomania can last for a short period of time such as having episodes that last for a few days. However, mania episodes are slightly different than hypomania. Mania episodes are blown out mania episodes which last for several days or even months. I know it some cases, individuals who have manic episodes sometimes must be hospitalized. I know that the sooner you diagnosed a person the better outcome you will have. When it comes to diagnosis, patient with bipolar disorder, it sometime can get confused with other mental illness such as Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients can have the same symptoms as a patient who experiencing bipolar disorder. They are many diagnosed cases where someone can be overdiagnosis. Anderson stated that to avoid overdiagnosis of b ipolar disorder requires the presence of mania with euphoria and not just irritability and an episodic course. This statement was in place to avoid any possible overdiagnosis for any patient. I know it is very important to document everything you do with patients who has bipolar disorder. (Pfennig et al,.2013) stated that individual course of bipolar disorder should be documented, with reference to the attainment of defined treatment goals. This can be achieved with the assistance of established external evaluation instruments or by the patient keeping an ideal daily record of his/her moods. There is a couple professional who can treat, and diagnosis bipolar disorder and they are Psychiatrist, a Primary care provider and a Clinical psychologist. Treatments for Bipolar Disorder According to Pfennig (2013), the goal of treatment for bipolar disorder is to achieve as high possible level of psychosocial function and health related quality of life. Treatments for bipolar disorder can range from a therapy session to medications to supportive care. Personally, I know there are many therapy sessions to help deal with bipolar disorder. The first therapy session that I know is a support group. A support group is a group of people who shared the same condition as you this type of therapy is more like a counseling setting where you talk about your problem and feelings. The second type of therapy session that I know that can help for bipolar patients is psychoeducation. Psychoeducation is a type of session where you can get educated about your mental illness or your conditions. The third therapy session that I know is Cognitive behavioral therapy. Cognitive behavior therapy is when you are in a talkative therapy that you focused on negative behaviors and feeling you ha ving. The fourth therapy session that I know that is good for bipolar patients and their family is Family therapy. Family Therapy is in place for the family of the patients to come together and talk about their problems. The last therapy session that I know for bipolar patients is Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy is a form of therapy where you can talk through your mental illness. Another Bipolar disorder treatment that can benefit bipolar disorder patients are supportive care. I know that in supportive care patients must stay in a hospital setting. In most cases, patients who stay in a supportive care setting can take medication that is not offered outside of the hospital. Therefore, they need to be closely monitored to watch for different side effect that might occur. They are many medications, you can take to help control bipolar disorder individuals. Some different medication can include Antipsychotic, Anticonvulsant and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor also known as SSRI. I k now one of the most effective medication or drugs to treat Bipolar disorder is Carbamazepine. According to the (Harrison Keating., 2005) they conduct a study of extended-release formation of carbamazepine. This study includes a 3-week trials and a 6 month long extended study. They find out that the most treatment-emergent events were observed in the study of extended-release of carbamazepine were from mild to moderate severity. During the 3-week trails of extended-release of carbamazepine they find out that there was a greater reduction in the white blood cell count. During this stage they only find one confirmed case of leukopenia and it was considered to be serious. Carbamazepine According to Harrison Keating, (2005) Carbamazepine was the first preparation to be approved in the United States for the treatment of Bipolar disorder. However, before carbamazepine was first preparation for a treatment of bipolar disorder it was used to treat patients who suffered from epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is a continuous pain that affects the trigeminal nerve in the face. Harrison Keating, (2005) stated that carbamazepine was recommended as a second-line agent that was a treatment for acute manic or mixed episodes that was linked with bipolar I disorder it shown the effectiveness in Bipolar mania episodes. The pharmacodynamic of Carbamazepine develop at the cellular receptors which can affect benzodiazepine receptors and adenosine and GABAb receptors. This means that the drug carbamazepine will binds the calcium channels and inhibits the sodium channels at the receptor site. Harrison Keating (2005). Personally, I know that Carbamazepine also has many trade drugs names such as Tegretol and Carbatrol. During my research, I find out that carbamazepine can have an impact on your liver and Carbamazepine can cause liver damage. Doses of Carbamazepine (Harrison Keating, 2005) stated that the extended-release of carbamazepine were created into a capsule formulation and the drug was admitted through two-doses. The two doses were 800-1600 mg per day. However, the single doses of carbamazepine were a little over 200 to 800 mg dose range. The absorption of the extended-release of carbamazepine reported to be a slow absorption. Absorption of carbamazepine will last only about 6 hours, and this will be followed into multiples of doses. Extended-release carbamazepine is suited to because 40% of a dose is contained in extended release beads that dissolve over 8â€Å"12 hours this form of absorption is taking place along the gastrointestinal tract, and 35% of a dose is contained in the enteric released beads that will dissolve in the intestines. Harrison Keating (2005) stated that carbamazepine is a variable because of the autoinduction from it owns metabolism by the CYP3A4 enzyme. So, this means it can interact with additional drugs tha t are inhibitors Harrison Keating (2005). I know that a lot medication that we are prescribe that we do not have to take anything with such as food however, in this case you must take food with carbamazepine. Conclusion Many people know that Bipolar disorder is one of the most challenging psychiatric disorder to be diagnosed in adults and children. Bipolar disorder is most known as manic depression. However, bipolar disorder is a disorder where recurrent episodes of mood swings can take place and the mood swing range from low depression to high main episodes. There are roughly 1 % of people will be diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder symptoms can include unexpected mood swings such as feeling tired, hopeless, problems with sleeping, not interested in daily activities, not interact with family members, increased speech, distractibility, and racing thoughts. (Anderson, Haddad, Scott, 2013). When it comes to diagnosis patients with bipolar disorder the first thing you should look at is to see if the patients had any prior history of hypomania or mania episodes. Their many effective treatments for patients who suffering from bipolar disorder. Many treatments can range from medication to t herapy session. There are many effective bipolar disorder medications and one those medications are called Carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is a drug that belongs in the benzodiazepine classification and this drug is used as an anticonvulsant drug to help treat bipolar disorder. Carbamazepine doses range from 200 to 800 milligram to 800 milligrams to 1200 per day. Bipolar disorder is one of the most psychiatric disorder in our society today, but if you take your medication daily and in the right way you can live a happy and stable life. References Pfennig, A., Bschor, T., Falkai, P., Bauer, M. (2013). The diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. . Deutsches ?„rzteblatt International, https://huie.hsu.edu:2048/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=psyhAN=2013-06217-001site=ehost-live. Anderson, I. M., Haddad, P. M., Scott, J. (2013). Bipolar disorder. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 27-32. Retrieved from Retrieved from https://huie.hsu.edu:2080/stable/23493486 Harrison, T. S., Keating, M. G. (2005). Extended-release carbamazepine capsules: In bipolar I disorder. CNS Drugs, 709â€Å"716. Retrieved from https://doi-org.ezproxy.hsu.edu/10.2165/00023210-200519080-00006

The Economics of Information Essay - 1086 Words

Various Aspects of Economics of Information 3.1 Economics of information in Education According to Farid (2007), economics of information is based on the concept that quality information is a scarce and valuable resource. The production and dissemination of information in education constitute two major economic activities, with associated costs and benefits. The value of information depends on its degree of accuracy, completeness, timeliness, reliability, and relevance to issues under consideration. Information possessing these qualities is expected to help in decision-making by both the consumers and suppliers of education. Information is an economic good because scarce resources are employed in its production and dissemination.†¦show more content†¦3.2 Origins of the Information Society and the Information Economy An information economy is based on the idea that the processes of production, transmission, and use of information are replacing or at least dominating over industrial processes as they in turn did an agrarian economy centuries ago. Therefore an economy consists of different sectors, each present to a greater or lesser extent. These sectors consists of agricultural, industrial, service sometimes discussed separately from the information sector, sometimes as an intermediate stage of the information sector and also information where there is general consensus that information has changed from a common good to a commodity with market value and that it is recognized as the most important input to production (Webster, 2002). 3.3 Information as an Economic Good An information economy is based upon the premise that information has economic value and requires an information marketplace in which such value can be exchanged (Branscomb, 1994). The nature of information as experience good means an information good must be used or consumed in order to demonstrate the good and to determine the associated value that is not fixed or constant. Returns to scale means information has a singular cost structure which means high fixed cost but low variable and marginal cost while public good means information goods are non-rival, one persons consumption does not diminishShow MoreRelatedEconomics of Information1066 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussions among scholars in developed countries regarding economics of information. Developed countries includes Australia, New Zealand, United States, Ireland, Germany, Japan, Canada and many more are countries that have a high level of development according to some criteria. The criterion is income per capita; countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialization; countries in which the tertiaryRead MoreEconomic Databases Are Collections Of Economic Information That Inform The Public About Economic Growth Or Decline?1211 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic databases are collections of economic information that inform the public about important issues that show economic growth or decline. These databases are very diverse and specific ranging from unemployment statistics to construction spending. The data is then used to help calculate long term and short term growth and let people know about economic opportunities. This information can be compared to different countries to let one country know where they measure between other countries. MyRead MoreCurrent Information On The Economic Costs Of Adhd1753 Words   |  8 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this paper I tried to summarize the current information on the economic costs of ADHD, as well as evaluate possible economic benefits of treating this condition. It is a very well-known fact that ADHD is one of the most common chronic conditions prevalent in childhood and lots of money is spent on treating this disease. The associated burden of the disease and the costs incurred are analyzed in depth in this paper. Many therapies are available for both children and adults howeverRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health1383 Words   |  6 Pagesbest practices to enhance administration, quality and patient engagement, while securing protection and minimizing expenses (Nir Menachemi and Taleah H. Collum, 2011). This influential innovation is in direct response to the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009. Therefore in this paper one will evaluate the current state of the infrastructure in workflow and proce sses; identify the existing gaps and issues within the environment, provide solutions forRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health1283 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2009, the U.S. Government passed The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, to promote the adoption and meaningful use of health information technology (Mangalmurti, Murtagh and Mello 2060). The HITECH Act authorizes grants and incentives to promote the â€Å"meaningful use† of electronic health records (EHR) by providers (2060). The effect is a high commitment to a technology-led system reform, urgingRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health1484 Words   |  6 Pagesdictates that healthcare organizations must not disclose any identifying patient information, or alert any entity that a particular patient is participating in alcohol/drug treatment program. Th is type of privacy breach must be reported promptly to the internal review board (IRB), compliance officer, risk management office and the privacy officer at the healthcare organization. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) act and the American Recovery and Reinvestment (ARRA)Read MoreInformation Technology For Economic And Clinical Health Act888 Words   |  4 Pagessuppliers. The National Quality Forum (NQF) created the idea of meaningful use; their thoughts included to enhance population health, coordination of forward planning, enhanced well-being, and patient engagement. The U.S. Healthcare Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH) made motivators for embracing Meaningful Use criteria starting in 2012, with the likelihood of penalties for failing in attaining the benchmarks by 2015. In August 2012, CMS discharged the last rulesRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health784 Words   |   4 PagesList at least five of the ways you see physicians employing meaningful use in their practices The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act is part of the American Reinvestment Recovery Act (ARRA) signed into law by President Obama on February 17, 2009. The HITECT Act introduced the concept of ‘meaningful use’ which incentivized the adoption of electronic health records (EHR) for the overall improvement of healthcare. This act authorized payments to qualifiedRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health Essay938 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act which forces health centers to have â€Å"meaningful use† of certain services using health technology (Kruse, Bolton, Freriks, 2015). These services promote patient-centered care as it helps satisfy the Stage 2 qualification, patient engagement. Patient portals are an excellent technology tool. Therefore, the center should use patient portals. Patient portals provide all day, anytime, anywh ere access to health information usingRead MoreThe Impact Of Free Information Represent For Economic Activities1829 Words   |  8 Pages1. Executive summary: This report is about the impact that free information represent for economic activities. This subject is very important because it explains how social networks website effect the economy by increasing their own revenue, the revenue of the advertisement brands, and the number of employees. The major finding of these results on the huge number of people that are hire in these companies. 2. introduction: In the 21th century, the internet is very efficient. Most of people are

British Imperialism Essay - 1516 Words

British Imperialism In many respects, the Boer War resembles the struggle toward globalization a century later that Friedman describes in The Lexus and the Olive Tree. The British, with their more advanced industry and technology, attempted to pull the Boer Republics away from the Olive tree and into the new global economy, golden straightjacket and all. The British Empire had much at stake in the conflict, and eventually achieved its main goals. It protected its holding at Cape Town, which was essential in order to control the southern trade route to India, and resisted the threats of increased European presence in South Africa as well as the threat of Afrikaner nationalism in Cape Colony and in the Boer Republics that bordered†¦show more content†¦The long term results are best explained by acknowledging the persistence of the Olive Tree mentality among Boers, particularly with respect to racial attitudes. Boer farmers (the turtles, to use Friedman’s terminology) resisted industrialization and globalization via invasion by foreign interests almost as fiercely as they resisted their tangible assailant, the British army. Realizing that it would be best for their nation’s economy if they produced certain goods rather than importing them, the Transvaal Republic under Kruger supported and granted monopoly rights to the alcohol and glassworks industries. High-tech industries that were owned and run by international capitalists were another matter. Boers resented the expansion of mines that drew their African labor force into cities, where the Africans could earn their own money and learn about the world outside of provincial farms. While the factories might give the Boers financial opportunities, such as the ability for a young woman to earn her dowry, the cities were places to be feared, especially by unlearned, unraveled Boer families. A son who went to Johannesburg migh t be caught up in immorality, might die during an epidemic, or might be persuaded by foreign ideas or by his educational opportunities not to return home to the farm. Though BoersShow MoreRelatedBritish Imperialism1497 Words   |  6 Pagesemergence and rule of British imperialism. What were some of the key ideas and visualizations that geographers portrayed to their empires, to understand and perceive the world and places in a more complete sense? Firstly, I am looking to go over the history of British imperialism and what constituted their great success. Secondly, I will be referring to the support and importance that the Royal Geographic Society served to the empire and how they attempted to conceptualize imperialism and rule over nationsRead MoreEssay On British Imperialism1198 Words   |  5 PagesConsolidating the British Empire: The British Empire was an empire on which the sun never set. Lasting for over three hundred years, Britain became the global hegemonic power of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From the wilds of Australia, to the fertile lands of Africa, the British Empire ruled over a quarter of the world’s population. With the empire ever expanding, visual and material culture became relied upon to help consolidate the empire. Overall, whether an advertisement for soapRead MoreBritish Imperialism1137 Words   |  5 PagesAdam Dees Dr. Herman WOH1030 2 April 2015 Impact of British Imperialism In the late 1800’s, European nations only controlled about 10 percent of the continent of Africa, France to the north and Britain to the south (Edgar, 2008). As time goes by, other countries gain conquests, mostly in western areas of Africa. This essay will go over a few key points in history that led to the Age of Imperialism and the British colonization of Southern Africa. The essay will also identify key players inRead More British Imperialism in India and China Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesBritish Imperialism in India and China Imperialism is the domination of a weaker country by a stronger country. For instance Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Imperialism has had both a positive and negative effects on the countries involved. Britain was imperialistic for many reasons, it could dominate because it had the technology and power to do so. They also needed land to acquire raw materials for growing markets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One countryRead MoreNineteenth-Century British Imperialism Essay544 Words   |  3 Pages Were Economic Factors Primarily Responsible for Nineteenth-Century British Imperialism?nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In society today the almighty dollar is what motivates most people’s actions. However, there are other reasons that can promote a change within a system such as morals, religious beliefs, values, and ethics. During the nineteenth century, society was not much different from that of the present day as the economy remains one of the most important partsRead MoreBritish Empire: What is Imperialism? Essay2049 Words   |  9 PagesImperialism is defined as relationships that are unequal between two humans or territories. This is usually based on concepts of authority and the articulation of dominance over a particular territory. It comprises of the extension of control and regulation of one state over another nation. The British has been known to be a colonial power that has always practiced dominance over many states particularly in Africa. The British Empire is seen as one of the largest empires in both the past and currentRead MoreBritish Imperialism In India1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe impact of British colonial conquest on India’s economy while lightly touch on the pre-colonial economic conditions as well. Colonialism refers to a process of control and domination where one country dominates the other. It is the control on the social, economic, and political policies of the colony countries (Emerson, 1969). Many European countries starting colonising other nations in order to gain raw materials, wealth, power and to spread their mission of civilization. The British controlledRead MoreBritish Imperialism in India Essay706 Words   |  3 Pagesgreatest human blessing - peace.† (Dutt). Merely coming to India in the 1600s to trade, the British East India Company established trading outposts. After ridding of French influence in India during the Seven Years’ War and having Indians mutiny against British rule, Britain gained full control of India. India has been under the imperialist control of the British until their independence in 1947. British imperialism caused some negative effects on India through poverty and persecution, but retained moreRead MoreImpact of British Imperialism on Malaya1320 Words   |  6 PagesCommonwealth countries, which means Malaysia was one of the British colonies. Malaysia was under British powers for approximately 446 years (from 1511 until 1957) The Portuguese, Dutch, British, Japanese even Siamese had colonized Malaya before. 1. Portuguese: 1511-1641 2. Dutch: 1641-1824 3. British: 1824-1942, 1945-1957 4. Siamese: 1821-1909 5. Japanese: 1942-1945 The British first came in the late 1700s. In the late 18th century, the British East India Company traded in and partially controlledRead MoreMotives for British Imperialism in Africa5664 Words   |  23 PagesMotives for British Imperialism in Africa Before the Europeans began the New Imperialism in Africa, very little was known about the inner parts of the continent. However, after some explorers delved deeper into the heart of Africa, the Europeans soon realized how economically important this area was, and how much they could profit from it. At the time, Britain had only small occupations of land in Africa, but after they realized that they could make money from the rich resources from the inner regions

Whether Valid Contract Between Lianne †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Whether Valid Contract Exists Between Lianne? Answer: Introducation An offer ought to be distinguished from an invitation to treat. When an offer creates a binding contract upon acceptance, an invitation to treat is like an invitation to give offers. A classic example is goods on display, the customer makes an offer to buy, and the seller decides whether to accept the offer or reject the customer's offer. Generally, advertisements are invitations to treat, as seen in the case of Partridge v Crittenden (1968) 2 All ER 425. The negotiations start to take place when someone reads such advertisements. Depending on the clarity of such advertisements, and the absence of the need for further negotiations, the advertisement can amount to an offer and not an invitation to treat (McKendrick, Liu, 2015). In Harvey vs Facey (1893), usually, the statement of price is an invitation to treat. However, if a certain shop has always accepted a certain price, going to the counter would be acceptance of the offer. If a specific price is given for a particular item, explicitly, this will be construed as containing all the terms, thus amounting to an offer. Also, one needs to look at whether further negotiations will be needed and whether the already given terms are sufficient. If the terms are met, then it becomes and offer as opposed to an invitation to treat. Only in particular circumstances an invitation to treat amounts to an offer, as we see in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball co [1893] 1 QB 256. The question to be is asked, if after an offer is made, are there further questions to be asked, or negotiations to take place? Elements of a Contract A contract is deemed to exist when there is an offer, acceptance, then consideration and intention of the parties to be bound by the contract. Offer is distinguished from an invitation to treat, in that an invitation to treat is merely an invitation for customers to submit their offers. An invitation to treat is distinguished from an offer, because it does not have intentions to be bound; it only shows there is willingness to deal (McKendrick, Liu, 2015). The advertisement on Mary's website is an invitation to treat falling under the case of Partridge v Crittenden (1968) 2 All ER 425. The advertisement by Mary invites the public to make an offer on their packages, then they will decide whether to accept the offer or not. There is a starting price of $500 for a group of five and the rest of the prices are negotiable. When Lianne gives Mary a description of what she wants and requests a quote, the quote becomes the offer, because it has a specific amount of $10,000 which Mary will charge Lianne. Therefore, the quote amounts to an offer falling under Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball co [1893] 1 QB 256. Lianne proposes that the price is too high and makes a counter- offer asking Mary to take $9500. Mary accepts the offer, but only on a condition that the lower figure is open for seven days and that within that time Lianne should provide a 10% none- refundable deposit. This creates a conditional contract, and in the event that such condition is not met, the offer lapses, and a contract is not created. Lianne is not able to respond to Mary on time and is not able to fulfil the condition of giving her a none- refundable deposit within seven days. Lianne responds on 20th of June, which is ten days later. The contract that was initially created by Mary accepting $9,500 from Lianne was a conditional contract and unless the condition is satisfied, the agreement is not enforceable. Hence, the contract failed on the basis of the condition of seven days and the 10% deposit not being paid on time. When Lianne gets back to Mary on the 20th, a new offer is made when Mary offers $9500 by the next day, and Lianne creates a counter- offer by saying she will want $10,000 due to increased costs. Mary does not want to be quibble and tells Mary that she can go on with the 10K deal. Here, Lianne accepts Mary's offer, and a contract is created. There is offer, acceptance, consideration and the parties have the intentions to be bound by the contract. To sum up, both parties are bound by the contract as per the exchanges made on the 20th. Mary is right about the existence of a contract. However, it is not based on the quote, but the exchanges made on the 20th. This is because the first quote of $10,000 was revoked by the counter offer by Lianne of $9500, and the agreement on $9500 was subsequently revoked by failure to meet the conditions given by Mary. Both parties had intentions to be bund, this a valid contract exists between both of them, thus raising rights and obligations for both parties.Under Australian laws, there is automatic protection and guarantee that services and goods will work and do as a consumer requested. If something does not fit the requested specifications, then one has right to be refunded, get a repair or replacement The Australian consumer Law (ACL) protects consumers and promotes fair trading. The ACL provides a guarantee by suppliers that their services are provided with due skill and care under section (60). If there is a breach of this requirement, a consumer can bring an action for negligence against the supplier or seller of services. The other guarantee are that services ought to be fit for consumption as provided in section 61. This section also guarantees that the supplier of such services is fit and professional in their mode of supply of the services. Reasonable time is also key, in regards to when such services ought to be supplied and reasonable time depends on the given circumstances. A supplier may be subjected to refund, repair or replace under section 260 due to a major failure. The major failure can include; if the goods are unfit for the disclosed purpose by the consumer made during the negotiations. Also, if the goods are of unsafe or of unacceptable quality. If a supplier fails to comply with the consumer guarantees, causing a major failure, section hh268 applies. Under this section, If a contract is formed between the parties for $9500. On 30th of July, which is an agreed date, Lianne and her friends board a boat arranged by Mary. The drinks supplied are Russian food style as opposed to the ordered Malaysian cuisine. Also, the boat was cramped and could not accommodate all Lianne's friends. Then Mary complains to Linane that she is a consumer and she has rights, however, all the food was consumed. Mary supplies services which are fit and professional to a certain extent. We also see that the food was consumed, thus fit for human consumption. From this case scenario, we see Lianne does not assert her rights at the point of the delivery of services. This could mean acceptance of the services as delivered, or waiver of her rights when she accepted to use the services and consume the food as brought to her. Lianne goes ahead and uses the services provided, and consumes all the food. This implies that she was okay with the services provided. Even if she decides to claim for a refund, it will be hard because, she ought to give Mary consideration for all the food and services provided, which she did not reject at the first instance. Mary has already gone through certain expense which she ought to compensate. Lianne perhaps can only sue for minimal damages on the loss of expectations in regards to the small space on the boat. The business advertiser needs to be careful about statements made in its advertisements given that they are subject to legal rules developed by the courts as well as by parliament (through legislation) Advertisements in Australia are subject to legal rules developed by courts and parliament Businesses in Australia market to promote their services and goods. Whatever form such advertisements take, they ought to comply with the law. Some regulations in Australia govern advertisement and marketing like The Australian Consumer Law (ACL). Selling and advertisement practices have rapidly evolved, and apart from Television and Radio advertisement, such advertisement also occurs in the online environment. Such online advertisement includes shipping sites, emails, social networks and search engines. The advertising regulations require that customers must have the whole picture of what is being advertised. The discounts have to be genuine, and the information given should be factual. In an overall overview, the impression is given by and advertisement should not be misleading. The regulations also require that a person should know about running promotions and completion. An advertiser needs to know the regulations governing advertisements before advertising services and products. An honest advertisement is required by law, in as much as it is good for business. When selling services and products, consumer advertisement laws have certain regulations and rules which businesses ought to follow. The ACL covers different areas of advertising. Such areas include deceptive conduct which can be misleading to consumers. This includes disclaimers, information which can be misleading. Section 18, of the Competition and Consumer Act of 2010 discourages advertisements which are deceptive and can mislead customers by omission. An example is making a representation in regards to a future, it ought to be based on reasonable grounds, and otherwise, it will be deemed misleading. Silence and omission can also be considered conduct which is misleading. An ACCC guidance of 2014, April was released to give advertiser's guidance to do their advertisement. Advertisement in social media ought to ensure the information being advertised is accurate. Those managing reviews which are usually made online should ensure reviews do not mislead customers. Where products are grown or originate from is also an important factor in influencing the decisions of customers. A representation of a country made legally should be truthful and accurate (Pearson, 2010). Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), which is Australia's national agency concerned with competition matters. Fair trade and consumer practices are promoted by ACCC. The Competition and the Consumer Act of 2012, protects Australia's consumer laws. Laws impose penalties on a misleading advertisement. It does not matter whether the misleading information was intentional of not. Other industry specific regulations and codes govern advertisement in Australia. Such codes include those apply to certain services or products such as financial services, food and therapeutic goods. The Australian and New Zealand Food Standards Code and the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (Cth) is the addition which governs these areas of goods and services. Additionally, the Australian industry is self- regulated, whereby there are different codes of conduct in the industry which guide advertisers in regards to how they need to carry out business. There is also self- regulation in regards to compl iance with these codes, however, market pressure is put on the advertisers to comply. Prescription medicine in Australia should not be advertised in Australia; such advertisement is not allowed. Some advertisements discourage use of certain goods like tobacco, which are harmful to a person's health. In Australia, advertisement of gambling services is banned, and any form of such advertisements are not allowed (Pearson, 2010). Conclusion In the global context, the biggest brands such as apple, coca cola and Microsoft have been able to integrate advertisement and law. The consumer Australian law has provided a stronger enforcement through the ACCC. Various internet and telecommunications have obtained fines on misleading advertisements. The ACCC has issues infringement notices to misleading advertisers for breaches which amount to millions of dollars. The ACL is contained in the Competition and Consumer Act of 2010. To sum up, the consumer protections in Australia have sufficiently protected the rights of advertisers because they apply equally across Australia. References Legislations Competition and Consumer Act of 2010 McKendrick, E., Liu, Q. (2015). Contract Law: Australian Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Pearson, G. (2010). Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia. Cambridge University Press.

Thomas Jefferson Essays - Thomas Jefferson, , Term Papers

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people's ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to the point. Jefferson soon became a member in a group which opposed and took action in the disputes between Britain and the colonies. Together with other patriots, the group met in the Apollo Room of Williamsburg's famous Raleigh Tavern in 1769 and formed a nonimportation agreement against Britain, vowing not to pay import duties imposed by the Townshend Acts. After a period of calmness, problems faced the colonists again, forcing Jefferson to organize another nonimportation agreement and calling the colonies together to protest. He was chosen to represent Albermarle County at the First Virginia Convention, where delegates were elected to the First Continental Congress. He became ill and was unable to attend the meeting, but forwarded a message arguing that the British Parliament had no control over the colonies. He also mentioned the Saxons who had settled in England hundred of years before from Germany and how Parliament had no more right to govern the colonies than the Germans had to govern the English. Most Virginians saw this as too extreme, though. His views were printed in a pamphlet called A Summary of the Rights of British America (1774). Jefferson attended the Second Virginia Convention in 1775 and was chosen as one of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress, but before he left for Philadelphia, he was asked by the Virginia Assembly to reply to Lord North's message of peace, proposing that Parliament would not try to tax the settlers if they would tax themselves. Jefferson's "Reply to Lord North" was more moderate that the Summary View. Instead of agreeing with Lord North, Jefferson insisted that a government had been set up for the Americans and not for the British. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Jefferson in June 1776. Congress felt that the Declaration was too strong and gave Dickinson the responsibility of redrafting the document, but the new version included much of Jefferson's original text and ideas. In 1779, Jefferson became governor of Virginia, guiding Virginians through the final years of the Revolutionary War. As a member of the Second Continental Congress, he drafted a plan for decimal coinage and composed an ordinance for the Northwest Territory that formed the foundation for the Ordinance of 1787. In 1785, he became minister to France. Appointed secretary